About Us

Turku Research Institute for Learning Analytics (TRILA) develops digital teaching tools and researches their effects on learning. Our work is divided into three fields: the research of digital teaching and learning analytics, advancing the materials, tools and practices used in teaching and guidance, and finally, the societal impact in the use of digital tools and analytics.

A concrete example of our work is the digital learning platform ViLLE, which is widely used in schools, universities, and universities of applied sciences. Research shows that learning based on the ViLLE platform is linked to better results in learning, more effective study guidance, and a higher number of completed studies.

The Institute is part of University of Turku, and its operation is linked to the university’s strategy as a developer of better teaching.

Learning Analytics

The goal of learning analytics is to offer tools and methods for monitoring studies and predicting difficulties in learning. Guidance counselling and automating teaching and learning aids are of particular interest in the field. Through these means we seek tested, justified, and ethical ways to enhance learning, teaching, study guidance, and administrative processes.

EXAMPLE 1: ACHIEVING CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES

A typical approach to creating tools in learning analytics is the development of predictive models from existing data. For example, by examining students’ yearly accumulation of study points it is possible to predict the accumulation of upcoming years. This enables early intervention when corrective measures are still useful in preventing problems.

EXAMPLE 2: ANALYSIS OF STUDY HABITS

Questionnaires can be powerful tools in gathering data for learning analytics, especially if it can be combined with other data (such as that gained from learning platforms or sensors). Still, questionnaires alone can also yield important results. The attached picture combines two questions picked from a questionnaire measuring study habits of students.

As we can see, students who report having friends they can complete assignments with also report significantly fewer occasions of feeling mentally or physically tired. Therefore, it is clear that formation of friend groups among students should be facilitated.

EXAMPLE 3: PREDICTING COURSE GRADES

Continuous assessment and comprehensive collection of course achievements enables the development of a model that can be used to predict course outcomes. The picture shows achievements of the first two weeks of an eight-week course. Each dot represents a student enrolled in the course. The dots are color-coded based on the final grade achieved. What is notable here is that the model can predict 80% of students who are going to fail the course during the first two weeks.

EXAMPLE 4: AUTOMATING LEARNING ANALYTICS

ViLLE automatically recognizes students’ learning misconceptions in mathematics based on the information collected from their submissions.

A study showed that the algorithms of ViLLE predict learning misconceptions as effectively as a widely-used pen and paper test. The difference is that automatic analytics enables real time viewing of information without a separate test.

Research

Our research is focused on different aspects of digital learning and learning analytics. Currently, some of our key areas of research are:

  • recognition of learning difficulties
  • student support
  • psychometrics and learning analytics
  • the pedagogy of programming
  • learning with immersive technologies

Our research aims to support both educators and students by responding to societal and pedagogical needs. For example, information gained from research is used to develop the ViLLE Learning Platform to better suit the needs of its users. In the end, we aim to create knowledge that serves the educational field as a whole. You can explore our studies below.

If you would like to suggest research collaboration, please contact us!

Publications

THE IMPACT OF SELF-THEORIES TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND SOFT SKILLS IN UNDERGRADUATE CS STUDIES: FIRST FINDINGS, Apiola, M. Laakso, M.-J.

Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (2019)

THE UNIQUENESS OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING, Larsson, P. Apiola, M. Laakso, M.-J.

MiPRO 2019 – 42st International Convention on Information and Communication (2019)

WHAT DOES THE PEDAGOGICAL AGENT SAY? Christopoulos, A. Conrad, M. Shukla, M.

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications. IEEE. (2019)

AUTOMATICALLY ASSESSED ELECTRONIC EXAMS IN PROGRAMMING COURSES, Rajala, T. Kaila, E.Lindén, R. Kurvinen, E. Lokkila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

In proceedings of the Eighteenth Australasian Computing Education Conference, ACM, Canberra, Australia (2016)

HOW TO IMPROVE K12 TEACHERS’ ICT COMPETENCE IN FINLAND: THE JOENSUU REGION CASE, Petrelius, M. Laakso, M.-J. Jormanainen, I. Sutinen, E.

ICT in Education in Global Context: The Best Practices in K-12 Schools, Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, Springer (2016)

INTERACTIVE EXERCISES FOR TEACHING LOGICS CIRCUITS, Karavirta, V. Lindén, R. Kurvinen, E. Laakso, M.-J.

21th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2016), Arequipa, Peru (2016)

PROGRAMMING MISCONCEPTIONS IN AN INTRODUCTORY LEVEL PROGRAMMING COURSE EXAM, Kurvinen, E. Hellgren, N. Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

21th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE 2016), Arequipa, Peru (2016)

AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS, Lokkila, E. Kurvinen, E. Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J.

EDULEARN15 — 7th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (2015)

STUDENT FEEDBACK ABOUT ELECTRONIC EXAMS IN INTRODUCTORY PROGRAMMING COURSES, Rajala, T. Lokkila, E. Lindén, R. Laakso, M.-J.

EDULEARN15 — 7th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (2015)

THE ROLE OF DEPENDENCY PROPAGATION IN THE ACCUMULATION OF TECHNICAL DEBT FOR SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS, Holvitie, J. Laakso, M.-J. Rajala, T. Kaila, E. Leppänen, V.

Ákoss Kiss (Ed.), 13th Symposium on Programming Languages and Software Tools, 2013, 61—75, University of Szeged (2013)

COMPUTER-ASSISTED LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS USING VILLE EDUCATION TOOL, Kurvinen, E. Lindén, R. Rajala, T. Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

12th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, November 15th to 18th, 2012, Tahko, Finland (2012)

DESIGNING A GAME MODE FOR ONLINE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, Haavisto, R. Holvitie, J. Kaila, E. Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

ICEE 2012 — International Conference on Engineering Education, July 30th — August 3rd, Turku, Finland (2012)

ELECTRONIC EXAMS WITH AUTOMATICALLY ASSESSED EXERCISES, Holvitie, J. Haavisto, R. Kaila, E. Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

ICEE 2012 — International Conference on Engineering Education, July 30th — August 3rd, Turku, Finland (2012)

NOVICE LEARNING, Laakso, M.-J. Rajala, T. Kaila, E. Salakoski, T.

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2012, Springer US (2012)

A ROBOT EXERCISE FOR LEARNING PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS, Holvitie, J. Haavisto, R. Rajala, T. Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

ICEE 2012 — International Conference on Engineering Education, July 30th — August 3rd, Turku, Finland (2012)

IMPORTANT FEATURES IN PROGRAM VISUALIZATION, Kaila, E. Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

ICEE: An International Conference on Engineering Education, 21—26 August 2011, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK (2011)

EFFECTS OF COLLABORATION IN PROGRAM VISUALIZATION, Rajala, T. Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

Technology Enhanced Learning Conference 2009 (TELearn 2009), October 6 to 8, 2009, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (2009)

EVALUATION OF LEARNER ENGAGEMENT IN PROGRAM VISUALIZATION, Kaila, E. Laakso, M.-J. Rajala, T. Salakoski, T.

12th IASTED International Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education (CATE 2009), November 22—24, 2009, St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands (2009)

AUTOMATIC ASSESSMENT OF PROGRAM VISUALIZATION EXERCISES, Kaila, E.Rajala, T.Laakso, M.-J. Salakoski, T.

8th Koli Calling International Conference On Computing Education Research, November 13.—16., Joensuu, Finland (2008)

DEFINE AND VISUALIZE YOUR FIRST PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, Laakso, M.-J. Kaila, E. Rajala, T. Salakoski, T.

Proceedings of ICALT 2008 — the 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies. July 1st — July 5th, 2008 (2008)

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAM VISUALIZATION: A CASE STUDY WITH THE VILLE TOOL, Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J. Kaila, E. Salakoski, T.

Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice, IIP, 7, 2008, 15—32 (2008)

OHJELMOINNIN PERUSOPETUKSEN VERKOSTOHANKE: LOPPURAPORTTI, Kaila, E.

Informaatioteknologian laitos, Turun yliopisto (2008)

VISUALISOINTI OHJELMOINNIN OPPIMISESSA, Kaila, E. Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J.

XI Tietojenkäsittelytieteen päivät, Tampere, Finland, May 2008 (2008)

VILLE — A LANGUAGE-INDEPENDENT PROGRAM VISUALIZATION TOOL, Rajala, T. Laakso, M.-J. Kaila, E. Salakoski, T.

Proceedings of the Seventh Baltic Sea Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2007), Koli National Park, Finland, November 15—18, 2007, 88, Australian Computer Society. Raymond Lister and Simon, Eds. (2007)